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Peptide Therapy Guides

Peptides occupy a contested space in modern medicine — some are FDA-approved pharmaceuticals with completed Phase 3 trials; others are research compounds studied almost exclusively in animals. This hub maps the research and regulatory landscape for eight of the most discussed peptides in clinician-supervised contexts. Each guide covers mechanism of action, what has actually been studied and in what populations, current regulatory status in the United States, and relevant considerations for anyone discussing these compounds with a licensed clinician. Nothing here constitutes medical advice or a recommendation to use any specific compound.

Metabolic

Incretin-based and metabolic signaling peptides

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

Metabolic

The class of incretin-mimicking peptides that reshaped the landscape of metabolic medicine — and generated one of the most significant regulatory debates in modern pharmacy.

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Recovery

Tissue repair, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory research

BPC-157

Recovery

A synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from a gastric protein sequence, studied extensively in animal models for tissue repair — and removed from the FDA's 503A compounding list in late 2023.

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TB-500

Recovery

A synthetic fragment of the naturally occurring protein thymosin beta-4, studied in preclinical models for its roles in tissue repair, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory signaling.

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Growth Hormone

GHRH analogs and GH secretagogues

Ipamorelin

Growth Hormone

A selective growth hormone secretagogue of the GHRP class that stimulates pulsatile GH release from pituitary somatotrophs with a specificity profile distinct from other peptides in its family.

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CJC-1295

Growth Hormone

A long-acting synthetic GHRH analog engineered to bind albumin in the bloodstream, dramatically extending its half-life and producing sustained elevations in growth hormone and IGF-1 compared to native GHRH.

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Longevity

Telomere, epigenetic, and aging-biology research

GHK-Cu

Longevity

A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide with a fifty-year research history spanning wound healing, skin remodeling, and gene expression — used widely in cosmetics and studied for systemic regenerative applications.

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Epitalon

Longevity

A tetrapeptide synthesized from the amino acid composition of a bovine pineal extract, studied primarily by Russian researchers for telomerase activation and putative longevity effects — with an evidence base that is genuinely intriguing but substantially weaker than most agents in this guide.

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Other

FDA-approved peptides and cross-category compounds

PT-141

Other

The only peptide in this guide with FDA approval for a human indication — bremelanotide (Vyleesi) was approved in 2019 for premenopausal women with acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder.

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